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, sport involving a series of riding and roping contests stemmed from the working skills of the American cowboy as developed during the second half of the 19th century to support the open-range livestock industry in North America. Although its development as a sport happened mainly in northern Mexico, the United States, and western Canada, rodeo's popularity is global.
The charreada of Mexico is a comparable competition that evolved from the haciendas of colonial Mexico; its rodeo-like events are generally not timed but evaluated in regards to artistic benefit. Trevor Brazile completing in the tie-down roping event at the National Finals Rodeo, Las Vegas, 2010. Eric Jamison/AP Rodeos (from the Spanish rodear, "to encircle") grew out of the work and play of 19th-century American cowboys and their Spanish-Mexican antecedents.
As the cowboys' profession was reduced in scope by the railways and by the fences that marked completion of the Open Range era, the contests became regular formal programs of home entertainment. Many areas claim the distinction of being the top place to hold a rodeo in the United Statesamong them Cheyenne, Wyoming, in 1872 and Winfield, Kansas, in 1882but such early contests were simply exhibitions of riding and roping abilities and not the extremely arranged shows that modern-day rodeo became.
Prescott, Arizona Territory, held the very first annual rodeo on July 4, 1888. Organized by a town committee, it included public advertising, admission charges, and championship prizes, developing the location as a real competitive viewer sport. Prescott was followed by significant yearly rodeo locations such as Cheyenne Frontier Days (1897 ), the Pendleton (Oregon) Round-Up (1910 ), and the Calgary Stampede (1912 ).
It was among the most egalitarian of American sports in the early 20th century, typically consisting of Hispanic, African American, Native American, and female candidates in an age when race and gender discrimination were commonplace. For example, Mexican trick- and fancy-roper Vicente Oropeza and famed black bronc-rider and steer-wrestler Costs Pickett won recognition in the arena, as did Native American bronc-riders Tom Three Persons and Jackson Sundown.
